The interpretation of the six children with pneumonia

Pneumonia (pneumonia) by the different pathogens or other factors caused by inflammation of the lungs. With fever, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and pulmonary wet-rale constant for the common clinical manifestations. Pediatric pneumonia is common and is also our children the first one cause of death, so to strengthen prevention and treatment of this disease is very important.

1, bronchial pneumonia

Bronchial pneumonia (bronchopneumonia) is the most common pneumonia in children during the year-round disease, with winter and spring cold season more. Malnutrition, congenital heart disease, low birth weight infants, immunocompromised Dengjun prone to this disease.

Pathogenic micro-organisms of pneumonia bacteria and viruses, pathogens in children with pneumonia in developed countries the virus mainly developing countries, mainly Zeyi bacteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are still prevalent in recent years, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae there is a growing trend. Often from the respiratory pathogen invasion, a small number of pulmonary blood pedestrians.

The main symptoms are: ① Heating: Heat-type variable, mostly irregular fever, can also be missed for the relaxation of heat or hot, moderate and severe malnutrition, to withhold fever; ② cough: more frequent, at an early stage of irritating dry cough, cough after sputum; ③ shortness of breath; common myocarditis and heart failure. Mild hypoxia manifested as irritability, lethargy; cerebral edema occurs when disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory irregularity, anterior fontanelle bulge, there is meningeal irritation, slow pupillary light response or disappeared. Mild stomach often poor, vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal distension, etc.; severe toxic bowel can cause paralysis, bowel sounds disappeared and abdominal distension in severe difficulty in breathing heavier. Gastrointestinal bleeding and vomiting of coffee-like objects from time to time, stool occult blood sample will be positive or row of asphalt.

2, Staphylococcus pneumonia

Staphylococcal pneumonia (staphylococcal pneumonia) pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus. In the winter and spring disease are more common in newborns and infants from respiratory tract invasion or blood-line spread of human lung. Strong pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, which can produce a variety of toxins and enzymes, including foreign toxins, leukocidin, enterotoxin, exfoliative Su, plasma coagulation enzymes and hyaluronic acid enzymes. The main lesion is purulent exudate or abscess formation, lesions progress rapidly, soon multiple abscesses. Multi-pulmonary complications: 75% develop pleural effusion, 45% ~ 65% occur Bullae, pus pneumothorax, bronchial fistula. Easy to spread to other parts of the inflammation, such as the pericardium, brain, liver, subcutaneous tissue, etc., causing migration purulent lesions. Children with rapid onset, severe illness and rapid development; Duocheng remittent fever, the baby may be missed was hot: poisoning symptoms, pale, coughing, groaning, breathing difficulties; lung symptoms appear early, lungs can be heard and , the thin wet哕sound, could be combined circulation, nerve and digestive dysfunction. Common skin, scarlet fever, or urticaria-like rash. Children with complicated empyema, pus pneumothorax breathing difficulties have intensified, and the corresponding signs.

3, Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia

Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia (hemophilus influenza pneumonia) caused by Haemophilus influenzae, the bacteria can be divided into non-capsular type and capsule type, the former generally do not cause the disease, the latter the strongest b-type pathogenicity. Lesions can be showed lobar or lobular, but the distribution of large-leafed Duocheng. More common in children under the age of four, often complicated in the influenza virus or Staphylococcus aureus infection in children. In recent years, due to widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, as well as other factors of nosocomial infection, Haemophilus influenzae infections on the rise. More moderate clinical onset, duration of sub-acute, serious condition, systemic poisoning symptoms weight, pale, with fever, spasmodic cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, nasal flap, and three concave sign, etc.; lung examination with wet rale or signs of real change. Complicated by empyema, meningitis, septicemia, pericarditis, suppurative arthritis, otitis media and so on. An increase in white blood cells, sometimes accompanied by the relative or absolute increase in lymphocytes. Chest X-ray findings of a wide range, which can be bronchial pneumonia, lobar pneumonia or lung segment consolidation changes, often accompanied by pleural effusion.

4, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia) pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), the non-cellular growth of the smallest micro-organisms, contain DNA and RNA, no cell wall structure. The disease accounts for about 20% of children with pneumonia, in the dense crowd of up to 50%. Perennial can happen, pop period is 4 to 6 years. MP mainly via respiratory tract infection, its cutting-edge absorption in the ciliated epithelial cells, receptors, secrete toxic substances, damage to epithelial cells, mucosal clearance dysfunction lasted longer, leading to chronic cough. As the MP and human existence in some parts of the organization of common antigens, and therefore can be formed after infection, the corresponding organization’s own antibodies, leading to more damage to the immune system.

5, Chlamydia pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae (chlamydial pneumonia) Chlamydia is a cross between between viral and bacterial micro-organisms, parasites on the cell containing DNA and RNA, a cell membrane. Chlamydia Chlamydia is caused by pneumonia in infants under 6 months of an important pathogen, can be produced during or post-natal infection, pathological changes characterized by interstitial pneumonia. Children with slow onset, first, nasal congestion, runny nose; then shortness of breath and frequent coughing, and some kind of array resembles whooping cough cough, but no return to the Application List; occasionally apnea or respiratory asthma-ming, half of the children may be associated with conjunctival Yan. Generally no fever, some people think that infants under 6 months without heat bronchial pneumonia should be considered in this disease, lung sounds can be heard and wet哕. Chest X-ray showed diffuse interstitial changes and over-inflated, or flake shadow, pulmonary signs and X ray findings of sustainable over one month away side. Chlamydia pneumoniae is commonly found in children over the age of 5, mostly for light. Incidence of hiding, the body temperature is not high, 1 to 2 weeks after the flu symptoms gradually subsided, cough gradually increased, and sustainable as long as 1 ~ 2 months, both lungs can hear the sound of wet and dry哕. X-ray showed unilateral lung lower lobe infiltration, a few showed extensive infiltration of unilateral or bilateral pulmonary lesions. May be accompanied by extrapulmonary manifestations, there is erythema nodules, thyroiditis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, and so on. Erythromycin effective treatment.
6, viral pneumonia

Viral pneumonia (viral pneumonia) virus can cause pneumonia and respiratory syncytial virus RSV, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, adenovirus. Direct contact or droplet spread of the virus, violations of terminal airway and alveoli, the smallest airways (75 ~ 300 μ m) is the main lesion, involving a wider scope, involving more leaflets, destruction of ciliated epithelial cells detached submucosa of inflammatory cell infiltration, mucosal edema, cellular debris blocking the lumen, small airway obstruction caused by complete or partial atelectasis, emphysema. Virus infection may induce bacterial infection.