Do you know chicken pox?

Chickenpox is the first time by the varicella-zoster virus infection in acute infectious disease. Occurred mainly in infants and young children, fever, and in batches in deep erythematous maculopapular rash, herpes, measles is characterized by scab.

 The incidence of chickenpox in winter and spring mainly mainly children aged 2 to 10 incidence. People generally susceptible, but a disease can be life-long immunity.

 The source of infection: Varicella as the main source of infection in patients, since the chicken pox rash pre-1 ~ 2 days to dry and crusted rash when are infectious. Susceptible children’s access to patients with herpes zoster, chicken pox can also occur, but rare.

 Transmission: primarily by droplets and direct contact. Can also be contaminated by contact with infected material between the reception. At close range, within a short time can also be spread indirectly through healthy people.

 Susceptible population: universal susceptible. But the incidence of most pre-school children. Of infants less than 6 months because of access to maternal antibodies, disease less risk of chickenpox during pregnancy can infect the fetus. After the illness was long-lasting immunity, but can occur shingles.

 Popular features: can occur throughout the year, more common in winter and spring. The highly contagious disease, contact with susceptible persons in about 90% of the disease, so kindergartens, primary schools and other popular children easily cause a collective body.

 The incidence of symptoms of chicken pox disease is mostly seen in children aged 1-10, the incubation period 2-3 weeks. More abrupt onset, may have fever, headache, general malaise and other prodromal symptoms. Within 24 hours of the onset of skin rash and quickly turned into a grain of rice to a large round pea tense blisters, surrounded by clear flush, there was a central blister-like umbilical fossa. About 2-3 days after blisters dry scab, scab off and more, without leaving any scars. Centripetal distribution of skin lesions was first started from the former Ministry of Yan, the latter found in the trunk, limbs. The number is uncertain as to the trunk as much inferior to face, head, limbs, less palmoplantar less. Mucous membranes are usually of involvement, found in the mouth, pharynx, eye conjunctiva, vulva, anus, etc.. Lesions showed a small red rash from the next eruption → → → off disease, measles disease evolution, disease, after removal without leaving scarring. Blisters period of their primary concern evident Ruoyin destroy the grasp of secondary infection, may leave slight dent. The infirm, there may be high fever, about 4% of adults may occur with disseminated chickenpox, varicella pneumonia. Lesions often occur in batches, so papules, blisters, and crusting often take place simultaneously, the course after 2-3 weeks. The clinical manifestations of varicella profiled are: Bullous chickenpox, hemorrhagic varicella, neonatal varicella, adult chicken pox and so on.

 Chickenpox and smallpox are very different: Smallpox systemic reactions weight, before the 39-40 degree heat, heat rash after a decline, the central lesions apparent umbilical Au, face increased, the more depressed scar left after.

 Treatment of this disease without specific treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment to prevent secondary infection of the skin, kept clean to avoid itch. Herpes ulceration or secondary infection, can be painted 1% methyl violet partial solution, calamine lotion can be used without ulceration were smear. A sperm cell early adopters willing to 10mg/kg / day or acyclovir 8mg/kg / day, with 5 to 7 days, or increases with interferon, inhibit viral replication. Daily intramuscular injection of vitamin B12500 ~ 1000ug, also has a certain effect. There is secondary infection, can choose an effective anti-toxins, not to use hormones to avoid causing chicken pox virus spread.

 Main preventive measures:

 1. Strengthen the chickenpox disease prevention information, education and training students to good hygiene practices, so that washing hands frequently, to avoid cross-contamination of infectious diseases.

 2. Classrooms, dormitories and often open the window ventilation to keep the environment clean and tidy, and air circulation.

 3. The school day, examine morning newly discovered chickenpox patients should promptly report, isolate the source of infection, illness, isolation and treatment of students must stay at home until the scab dried before being returned to school (since onset 15 days or so). Its contaminants, appliances can be boiled or disinfected exposure method.

 4. In recent years the development of the varicella-zoster virus live vaccine for prevention to be effective for children susceptible to normal.