Continuous high temperatures became the incidence of diarrhea in infants and young children the peak season. Many parents are reflected in the summer, parents are afraid their children are sick, even though parents are cautious, but the child was sick, diarrhea, or frequent phenomenon.

Many doctors said that some children are sick of the reason for this is because some parents caused by ignorance. Shanghai International Peace Maternal and Infant Health Hospital, said Dr. Lv Zhiwei, deputy director of pediatrics, in the summer heat, the appropriate complement to the child honeysuckle dew and watermelon juice can play Relieves summer heat and cooling effect, but if once the excessive drinking, kids would be diarrhea. Some parents will give children to eat honey, water, things and honeysuckle dew, watermelon juice, same as with the role of Hua Chang. Adults will also eat a lot of thin stool, let alone a child.

Experts remind parents, every summer, the children should be especially careful to eat, not only pay attention to food hygiene, and must pay attention to water sanitation. Warm water is best prepared and powdered milk, but now many parents to feed her child, when are “cutting corners” to use the water fountain in the existing service is to eat.

Parental negligence is the drinking fountains in the water tend to have the possibility of secondary pollution, easy to produce bacteria for infants and young children, the drinking is easy, after being infected. Also, if once their children suffered from diarrhea, parents should immediately stop their children continue to be consumed honeysuckle dew, watermelon juice, honey, water, and cod liver oil and the like.

The children do not like to eat whatever he ate anything, should pay attention to nutrition, deploy, and gradually add the things that he does not eat, so that nutritional profile is always in equilibrium. This was cute and healthy baby.

Quite a lot of children, especially infants and young children are caused due to improper diet, commonly known as “indigestion.”

Faster growth and development of children, particularly in the first year after birth, growth is most rapid period of time, a large number of nutrients thanks to the digestive organs to digest and absorb. Although the development of the digestive system of children from the fetal period has already begun, but only one-year-old shape. At this point, the secretion of various digestive enzymes less energy low tolerance for bad food can not meet the food material, the larger the amount of changes in the digestive tract burdens are heavy, often tense, prone to digestive disorders and the built-induced diarrhea.

Breast milk is the most appropriate within six months of the baby food, should be vigorously promoted infant feeding on demand. Thereafter, according to the laws of sleep in children can be fed every two to three hours time, and gradually extended to three to four hours feeding time, feeding at night gradually stop feeding once a day and night, feeding a total of six to seven times. After four to five months could be reduced to five. Each breast-feeding is about 15-20 minutes to eat shall prevail.

Adding supplementary food for children is important to note from the less to the more gradual increase, so that the baby has a process of adaptation; from thin to thick, first drink rice soup, and gradually transition to a gruel, soft rice; from fine to coarse, such as fruit and when the Start feeding juice, and later to eat pulp. Five months, try add egg yolk, fish, mud, soft tofu; seven months later you can add rich in nutrition, appropriate to their digestion and absorption of food, such as fish, minced meat, vegetables, biscuits and so on, gradually weaned to do the necessary preparations, but the weaning should be avoided in the summer.

Gradually add the food, it’s best used to add a food from another food, do not at the same time add a few case of sick children should be left temporarily to another food. Do not feed cold overheating, the amount of not too much too little, in order to avoid hot days to reduce secretion of digestive enzymes and increase the burden on the digestive tract induced by diarrhea.

In addition, diarrhea when intestinal viscosity due to a direct impact on the water absorption, compounded by changes in osmotic pressure within the lumen, so that the blood in the water transfer to the intestine and finally discharged from the stool, so to make the body lose a lot of water. If the water loss does not exceed 5% of body weight, the body can compensate; if more than 5%, you can not, the body will undergo a series of functions the rate of chaos phenomenon, which is often said that the dehydration. Children under the water level of the body lose water, the dehydration can be divided into three degrees, mild, moderate and severe.

Mild dehydration

Is the weight of water, 5% of 9 per kilogram body weight of approximately 50 ml). As the body of water reduced, children will be a little thirsty, crying, along the tears, there is urine, check the children see the good in general is good, two orbital slightly collapse, Nieqi abdomen or thigh skin retraction is still Fast.

Moderate dehydration

Is the weight of water is about 5% -10% (50-100 ml per kg body weight). Out of children with irritability, bowel; the longing to drink water, water everywhere to find the baby pacifier, bottle, if would be desperately sucking; cry less when you tears, urine output and frequency is also reduced; check see children with two orbital subsidence, tongue dry, Nieqi abdominal and thigh skin retraction slow.

Severe dehydration

Is the quantity of water for more than 10% of body weight (100-120 ml per kilogram of body weight), children now under extreme emotional atrophy, lethargy and even coma; I drink very serious, no tears when crying out, urine output and urinary frequency significantly fewer .

Check see children with two sockets marked subsidence, the tongue is very dry; Nieqi abdominal and thigh skin retraction is slow. When the parents found that children born dehydration due to diarrhea, the first Qing oral supplement for children with salts, and promptly send children to the hospital for treatment.

Yi Meng stopped (loperamide):

Applicable to a variety of causes of acute and chronic diarrhea caused by treatment. But its role in the strong, for young children prone to cause adverse drug reactions, such as the impact of the central nervous system, etc., plus there have been reports of death of neonatal medicine, and therefore are limited for very young children at home and abroad, such as our easy to Mongolia to stop using the instructions on the that: disabled children under age 5.

Compound Diphenoxylate (compound diphenoxylate):

Apply to acute and chronic functional diarrhea, chronic enteritis another treatment. Each drug-containing hydrochloric acid to Fenno 2. 5mg, atropine sulfate 0. 025mg, of which the role of diphenoxylate on the intestinal tract similar to morphine can directly act on the intestinal smooth muscle, the role of very strong. As the application of the drug at home and abroad there have been caused by poisoning or even death in children’s reports (deaths in less than two years focused on infants and young children), and also because the drug dosage in children does not have any uniform standards for infants and babies under two years old so disabled, above the age of two should be used with caution in children (strict control of dosage).

Norfloxacin (norfloxacin):

On the pathogenicity and enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella, etc. due to gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery have a good curative effect, the clinical application of a wide range of well-known. But because the drug and its ilk (quinolones) drugs may be caused by bone lesions, therefore, should not use children under the age of 12.

Tetracycline: a broad-spectrum antibacterial treatment of infectious diarrhea has a certain effect. However, children under the age of 8 applications and similar drugs such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline (DOTC), minocycline (Minocin), etc. can cause permanent tooth infection, tooth enamel and stunting bone growth inhibition, Therefore, children under the age of 8 should avoid use of such substances.

Medicinal Charcoal:

Can absorb lead to diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, a variety of toxic and non-toxic irritants, reduce stimulation of the intestinal wall, reducing peristalsis, and thus play a role in diarrhea. However, due to strong absorption of the drug to help non-selectivity of the digestive enzymes such as pepsin, trypsin activity in both the growth effects of long-term use can cause malnutrition in children, so three children under the age of diarrhea or abdominal distention, prohibiting long-term use.

Cold diarrhea in general In addition to diarrhea, fever, the bowel often accompanied by abdominal pain, pale stools, nose and tears streaming clear embolism, temporary permits are available Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San addition and subtraction, fever, severe cases, even used Nepeta, wind and so on. Shushi diarrhea more common in hot and humid season, in addition to diarrhea, fever, the common color of brown and foul stools, anus heartburn, upset thirst Zhu Zheng, clinical Gegenqinlian Decoction could be plus or minus. In severe cases, fever was added gypsum, talc, Anemarrhena and so on. In addition to fresh wounds are usually diarrhea Diarrhea, fever, common stool Suanxiu, abdominal distension torpid intake, nausea and vomiting, clinical general for security and Pill, and body heat by using forsythia, Huang Qin, Huang Lian and so on.

In addition to the above classification, the clinical can still see the crash because of excessive, damaged or Yin-chun, Yinkui heat while those who see the fever. The equivalent of Western words “dehydration fever.” This type of fever, clinical plum decoction may be connected. Another additive used to fever Ikitsu Health Pueraria lobata.

Diarrhea in the TCM treatment of children with fever at the same time, clinical children can still be under the circumstances, appropriate choice of acupuncture, massage and other methods as adjuvant therapy, to shorten the course of the disease, improve the curative effect was very useful.

Diarrhea fever heavier, the acupuncture points selected on the basis of the dialectic can be Zhuo Jia Qu pool, Hegu, Dazhui other points; massage when you can retire Six Hollow Organs Zhuo Jia Qing large intestine, spleen and stomach by such means as clear.

In short, Chinese medicine and acupuncture, massage and other treatments in children with diarrhea caused by fever there is a genuine effect, according to children with clinical illness, with the western medicine, timely adoption of appropriate measures to make the children a speedy recovery.

Normal body out of the water volume and maintain a dynamic balance of body fluids, daily consumption is proportional to the required amount of water and heat. Because children are relatively high amount of water needed each day, so the water requirements calculated according to the weight is also higher than for adults. The daily amount of water required for normal children is about 120ml/100kcal, except a few days after birth, the newborn less access to water, the age of the smaller, out of water (body external water exchange volume) is relatively more. Baby daily water exchange is equal to the extracellular fluid is about 1 / 2, while the adult is only 1 / 7, the baby’s water exchange rate than adults, 3 to 4 times faster, so children, especially infants of water-resistant force worse than adults. In pathological cases, if the water shortage, but a continuous loss of moisture, are more vulnerable to dehydration than adults.

Liquid water exchange mainly through the following three ways to complete:

(1) is not dominant water loss: no loss of water is generally more dominant constant, due to rapid growth and development in children, metabolic exuberant, the required heat larger, their non-dominant loss of water is greater, by weight of the adult rate of about two times, under normal circumstances, an average of 42ml/100kcal, in which cells and skin water loss, respectively 14ml/100kcal and 28ml/100kcal.

(2) The digestive tract of the liquid exchange: a large number of normal daily secretion of digestive juice, plasma volume is about 1 ~ 2 times, or extracellular fluid volume of 2 / 3, most of them being re-absorbed from the feces of the only a small amount, in which children with a daily discharge of water from the stool of about 8ml/100cal. When suffering from severe diarrhea, the water re-absorption of obstacles, so that a large number of water and electrolyte loss and therefore cause dehydration. Smaller children age, the digestive tract fluid exchange (secretion and re-absorption), the more rapidly, more easily than adults because of digestive dysfunction, caused by the loss of water and electrolytes.

(3) kidney micturition: normal urine vary widely, determined by renal solute load and the maximum dilution and concentration ability to make normal adult urine diluted to 50 ~ 100mOsm / L. (Specific gravity 1.003), and concentrated to 1400mOsm / L (ratio 1.035), age, smaller, more immature regulatory function of the kidney. Neonates and infants kidney enrichment capacity is poor, can only make urine concentrated to about 700mOsm / L (ratio 1.020), resulting in excretion of water required for the same amount of solute compared with adults more relatively high urine output. When the water inflow to inadequate or loss of water increases, the ability to easily exceed the limits of the kidney enrichment occurred metabolite retention and hypertonic dehydration. Metabolite retention in the body, the body can occur symptoms of poisoning, known as acidosis. In addition, the neonatal renal excretion of chloride ions, phosphate, hydrogen ions and ammonia production capacity is poor, the blood lactate levels of chlorine and high, HCO3-low, and therefore more prone to acidosis.

(1) isotonic dehydration:

Proportion of water and electrolyte loss, serum sodium 130 ~ 150mmol / L between the (300 ~ 345mg%). Dehydration due to a variety of causes, their percentage of water loss, and loss of sodium may be different, if their proportion or less, through the kidneys regulation, body fluids can be maintained at isotonic state, and therefore more see isotonic dehydration

. Such dehydration major loss of extracellular fluid, the clinical manifestations of a general dehydration symptoms: such as weight loss, thirst, anxiety, skin pale, dry, elastic reduced anterior fontanelle and orbital depression, mucous membranes dry, low heart sound blunt, saliva, and tears decrease in serious cases can lead to circulatory disturbance and shock.

(2) hypotonic dehydration:

Loss of electrolytes lost relatively more than water, water, sodium less than 130mmol / L (300mg%). Such dehydration due to diarrhea heavier, the course is longer, fecal loss of quality very often more than sodium; compounded by diarrhea, drinking water during the high side when the mere infusion of glucose solution, but to less sodium, resulting in extracellular osmotic pressure is too low , part of the water into the cell, blood volume decreased significantly.

Hypotonic dehydration more common in the course of time not only of malnutrition in children with vomiting and diarrhea, loss of water in the same circumstances, dehydration symptoms than the other two kinds of serious dehydration. Is not obvious because of thirst, while the circulating blood volume was significantly reduced, and therefore more susceptible to shock. Due to brain cell swelling, there may be irritability, drowsiness, coma or convulsions.

(3), hypertonic dehydration:

Water, electrolyte loss, compared to a loss of more sodium than 150mmol / L (345mg%). Such dehydration due to the higher osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid part of the water transferred to the cells, mainly as intracellular dehydration. Such as diarrhea early, there is fever, less water, after the illness has not reduced the consumption of those who would easily lead to hypertonic dehydration. Abuse sodium solution treatment, such as oral or injection of more sodium solution (such as simply using saline infusion), also may cause hypertonic dehydration.

Loss of water in the same situation, its dehydration signs of dehydration than the other two kinds of light, the lightest cycle disorder symptoms, but severe dehydration can also occur when the shock. Because hypertonic and intracellular dehydration, can dry mucous membranes and skin, there polydipsia, fever, irritability, increased muscle tone and even convulsions. Severe hypertonic dehydration can nerve cells, brain shrinkage in real terms, cerebrospinal fluid pressure has eased, cerebral blood vessels to dilate and even bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage), cerebral thrombosis can also occur.

Surfeit of material on the basis of the clinical differences can be divided into three kinds of diet Diarrhea too.

Carbohydrate diet had diarrhea

Feeding the food is mainly starch, due to excessive gastrointestinal tract caused by the relative lack of amylase, resulting in abnormal intestinal starch decomposition caused by indigestion, abdominal distention occurs, severe diarrhea. Several times a day to dozens of defecation, fecal quality rough, showing green water sample or a paste-like, quantity, foam and more sour smell, and sometimes there are little white stool can be seen blocks, large amounts of undigested food residues or food (such as beans).

Protein diet had diarrhea

Child growth and development needs of protein, but a large number of feed protein food, more than physical needs and gastrointestinal burden, will affect gastrointestinal function, causing diarrhea. Its characteristics are: daily bowel movement 3-5 times or more yellow with thin water will, there is pungent smell of rotten eggs.

Fat diet had diarrhea

Some parents thought that a high fat heat production can increase the child’s caloric intake. Because fat into the excessive, greater than gastrointestinal digestion, causing diarrhea (also known as sprue). Its characteristics are: daily bowel movement 3-5 times or more, was off-white loose stools, or paste, the amount of more, look like butter, milk contains more blocks or fat droplets, heavier odor.

Diet Diarrhea in children than is diarrhea caused by improper feeding practices, as long as CAUSE to adjust your diet according to the type and quantity can be cured.

Caused by pathogenic bacteria and viruses, diarrhea is called enteritis. Bacteria are diarrheal diseases and pathogenic E. coli enteritis, caused by a virus for the virus enteritis, the pathogen mainly enteroviruses. There is also a discovery of rotavirus in recent years, because of its shape like wheels, hence the name.

Pathogenic Escherichia coli inflammation mostly occurs in the summer, it also called summer diarrhea. Viral enteritis more common in autumn, it is also known as autumn diarrhea. Such diarrhea, enteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea or infection.

Cause diarrhea due to food quality issues are: to eat is not fresh or deterioration of the milk or other food, and often they spit pulling, known as acute gastroenteritis. Because the quantity and quality of food than infant gastrointestinal digestive function of capacity, resulting in an excessive burden of diarrhea caused by indigestion is called, that Chinese medicine called “fresh injury diarrhea.”

The other, there are other systems outside the gastrointestinal tract, when sick, as indicated in respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, otitis media, urinary tract infections cause diarrhea and other persons, known as parenteral dyspepsia. Diarrhea caused by inadequate food intake is called starvation diarrhea. Under normal circumstances, the increased frequency of bowel movements is called physiological diarrhea.

Diarrhea occurred in the travel itinerary, both the pain and are unable to, not only for themselves in an awkward scene, but also swept the companion of Hing. What are the reasons that in the end, let us and this annoying diarrhea quitting it?

According to experts, occurs in the tourist diarrhea, common the following types:

Acclimatized.

Of tourism to a new environment is not fully adapt to the performance of many skin allergies, painless diarrhea, diarrhea, low frequency, no vomiting, no fever, mostly mild.

Enteritis diarrhea.

See more patients in the diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent and watery stools, defecation control urgent, general weakness. Food poisoning, often first, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhea. Typical of cholera, with little abdominal pain, no fever, but the more times diarrhea, defecation volume, soon dehydration performance. Hemorrhagic enteritis caused by E. coli O157, diarrhea, bloody stool samples can be presented.

Dysentery diarrhea.

Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea more times, each time less defecation, feces can be seen pus and blood, then after the fall feeling. Some children can also occur through poisoning dysentery, diarrhea was not evident, first, high fever, convulsions and even coma.

From the above analysis point of view, diarrhea, really is not a minor illness. However, most experts and doctors fear is that many patients tend to experience their own clothes antidiarrheal agents disorder, but it accidentally went into another misunderstanding.

Little do they know antidiarrheal agent is very severe diarrhea when you pull, “symptoms” of treatment, but not frequent or prolonged use. Experts remind that “cautious” with anti-diarrheal agents, such as peristalsis inhibitors, because it will be bad for the source of infection of the exclusion, but will extend the source of infection remaining in the intestines breeding time, but so slow to improve the condition. At the same time, it

Should be “prudent” to use, including antibiotics, if necessary, should be used. Because antibiotics are used to deal with the “bacteria” in. If they are abused, even the beneficial intestinal flora will be constrained to kill, but the adverse condition of the improvements.

So in the end there a safe and effective governance of diarrhea medicine do? In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) for treatment of diarrhea medicine has six criteria: high efficiency; can be taken orally; can be combined with oral rehydration solution; not intestinal absorption; does not affect the intestinal absorption, particularly in the absorption of glucose and amino acids; be able to withstand a series of intestinal pathogens. China has also formulated “China’s diagnosis and treatment of diarrheal diseases program,” Smecta is the “program” in the recommended drugs.

Smecta was introduced into China in 1992 by France, to a new diarrhea treatment concept “of the digestive tract mucosal protective agent,” the favorite to win the domestic clinicians, it can not only effectively treat adults and children’s acute and chronic diarrhea, and very safe especially suitable for the whole family to use, including pregnant women, the elderly, children, and liver and kidney dysfunction.

“To stop diarrhea, diarrhea first rule” is the resounding slogan Smecta summed up Smecta treatment of diarrhea advantages: not only to stop diarrhea, but also to the restoration of normal function of the digestive tract. Smecta The main component is montmorillonite powder, it has a strong coverage of the digestive tract mucosa ability to effectively protect and damage the digestive tract mucosa, and through interaction with mucin glycoprotein binding, promoting mucosal barrier epithelial cells regeneration and repair. At the same time its digestive tract viruses and bacteria and their toxins produced strong adsorption and fixed-scavenging effect, be able to pathogenic bacteria, viruses excreted along with the bowel movements.

Summer and autumn is the prime tourist season, but this stage is a high temperature, humidity, food types and bulimia cold of the season, diarrhea and other intestinal infectious diseases and epidemic-prone. Related experienced tour guides led from the many years of experience also pointed out that, prior to the individual’s physical strength has feasibility estimates, if necessary, to do medical examinations. Away from home, eating take care of themselves, but also pay attention to water and food sanitation, do not use illegal food, fast food lunch casserole should not eat more than 2 hours. Beach tourism, non-life-raw clams, clams, shrimp, crabs seafood must be steamed fully cooked before consumption, but also are hot now to eat, to prevent the disease from the mouth. In the carry essential medicines, “Smecta” indispensable.

Therefore, in order to smooth journey, travel happy, the medical experts further suggested that “Renzailvtu, anti-diarrhea as the first” new ideas. Smecta is a natural mineral drug, powder bags, easy to carry, Fu Fa simple; same time, because it is not the antibiotics can be used to prevent and treat diarrheal diseases. The event of diarrhea, immediately doubled the amount of taking the first dose Smecta, and then press the constant taking it 3-4 times a day, for a variety of bacteria and viruses cause diarrhea, diarrhea and even the inability to adapt and have a curative effect. Check with severe diarrhea should immediately seek medical treatment, and added liquids and other symptomatic treatment, may continue to take Smecta with antibiotics and other drugs in combination.